Introduction:

To have the complete understanding about what is needed to achieve the best cleaning, it is needed to know a basic knowledge of and detergent chemistry.
Water, the liquid which is commonly used for cleaning, has a property that called surface tension. In water, each molecule is get surrounded by other molecules. However, at the surface of it , those molecules are surrounded by other water molecules only on the water side. An important point is created as the water molecules at the surface are pulled into the body of the water. This tension force water to bead up on so many surfaces such az glass . when water is spilled on the surface like glass.The drop will hold its shape and will not spread. in the process of cleaning water must get can get spread and water tension must get reduced .Chemical materials which are able to do this in the efficient way are surface active agents, or we called them surfactant. They are said to force water "wetter." Surfactant perform so many other important thing in the process of claning , like loosening, emulsifying (dispersing in water) and holding soil in suspension till it get rinsed away.
We classify all of the Surfactants by their ionic(electrical charges) properties in water: anionic (negative charge), nonionic (no charge), cationic (positive charge) and amphoteric (either positive or negative charge). all of the soaps has an anionic surfactant. . Now we want to look closer at the chemistry of surfactants.

Explaining about some detergents:
SOAPS

Soaps are water-soluble sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids. Soaps,made of the fat and other oils .
First let's examine the composition of fats, oils and alkalis; then we'll review the process of makin soap.Fats and Oils all of the the fats and oils used in soap making have the animal or plant sources. Each fat or oil is made up of a distinctive mixture of several different triglycerides. In a triglyceride ,three fatty acid molecules get attached to the one molecule of glycerine. There are many types of triglycerides; each type consists of on the combination of fatty acids to the glycerine. Fatty acids are the components of fats and oils that we use them to make all kinds of the soaps . They are composed of two parts: A carboxylic acid group consisting of one hydrogen (H) atom, two oxygen (O) atoms, and one carbon (C) atom, plus a hydrocarbon chain attached to the carboxylic acid group. Generally, it is made up of a long straight chain of carbon (C) atoms each carrying two hydrogen (H) atoms.

all kinds of Soap mostly made from animal fats and vegetable oils, mixed with a caustic chemical which we call it sodium hydroxide (also known as lye). The sodium hydroxide reacts with the oil to make soap. Most kind of detergent made from synthetic compounds .Saponification of fats and oils is widely used soapmaking process. This method involves heating fats and oils and reacting them with a liquid alkali to produce soap and water (neat soap) plus glycerine.
The other major soapmaking process is the neutralization of fatty acids with an alkali. Fats and oils are hydrolyzed (split) with a high-pressure steam to yield crude fatty acids and glycerine. The fatty acids are then purified by distillation and neutralized with an alkali to produce soap and water (neat soap).

The carboxylate end of the soap molecule is attached to water. It is called the hydrophilic part. The hydrocarbon chain is attracted to oil and grease and repelled by water. It is the hydrophobic part.

kinds of the soaps:
· Dry Skin Soap
· Sensitive Skin Soap
· Normal Skin Soap
· Baby Soap
· Antibacterial Soap
· Glycerin Soap
· Olive Oil Soap

Bleach:
Commercial sodium hypochlorite bleach
Bleach is a chemical material which removes colors or whitens many surfaces, often via oxidation. Common chemical bleaches are household "chlorine bleach", a solution of approximately 3–6% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), and "oxygen bleach", which contains of hydrogen peroxide or a peroxide-releasing compound such as sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, this is approximately the bes material for whitenes and cleaning the surfaces in the best way.

Powder detergent

The most common ingredients that are used in making powder detergents are - Surfactants, optical brighteners, fabric softeners, enzymes, detergent builders, bleaches and compounds, synthetic perfumes and fragrances, and more. Made in powder form, these detergents are also sold as laundry powders, hard surface cleansers, etc. Majority of the powder detergents has soap in their mixture of ingredients, however they basically function more as a foam depressant than as a surfactant. Detergent powders are generally made using batch or continuous process of soap making. These are generally formulated using one or more surfactants, optical brighteners, chelating agents, detergent builders, fabric softeners, enzymes, and more. The main advantage of detergent powders is that they can remove remove the dust, oil and ...

Dishwasher Liquid

Dish washer liquid is detergent that weall use to assist in hand washing
As well as machine washing of glass plates and etc.this detergent product is a high foaminh mixture of surfactant.and has the low skin irritation.
liquid dishwasher detergents are very versatile cleaners Typically, the specialized cleaners are the ideal choice for certain specific jobs. However if you can't find any suitable specialty cleaner then in that case, a liquid dish cleaner is a good choice for a variety of households cleaning jobs. So remember, even though the liquid dish detergent is an ideal cleaner for dishes, it is can also be used as a good backup for various other cleaners.

Shampoo…..

All of the Things that ger dissolved in water can release or take up either H+ or OH-, and changing the ratio of H+ and OH- in the water. Most of the shampoos that nowadays we all use are somewhat acidic. Shampoos mostly have a pH of 4-6. Some go as low as pH 3.shampoos are common chemical material that we all use for removing the oils,dirts,dandruff and other contaminants, which gradually buildup in the hair.a main poin that we use shampoo is that to remove unwanted particles without stripping so much to make our hair unmanagable.the shampoo even clean the scalp and can remove the excess oil from our scalp. Usually shampooing follow by conditioning. That can improve the ease of styling.

Shampoo Types

A variety of shampoos are available in so people can be selected on the basis of hair type, its condition and the effect they desire. Generally the shampoos can be categorized into four main types such as: Medicating shampoo, basic shampoo, baby shampoo. Conditioning shampoo.

Conclusion

So we can see that the chemistry help us and can solve our problems about the surrounding environment cleanness and also the health of our life. but the point that is so important in this field is that all of the people should get aware of the right way of being clean and use the cleaning materials in the right attitude!

Reference:
http://www.goselfsufficient.co.uk/make-your-ownsoap.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detergent .html